No, I’m not wondering how to translate Ludwig der Bärtige – I’ve encountered him often enough before.

Or so I thought. But I was surprised to discover there were two Ludwigs der Bärtige. One was a count in Thuringia in the 11th century (more often Ludwig mit dem Barte?), and the other a duke in Bavaria-Ingolstadt in the 15th century. And good heavens, a third, a Wittelsbach born in 1901.